Photobiomodulation refers to the therapeutic use of light to stimulate biological processes within cells and tissues. It is also commonly known as low-level light therapy (LLLT) or red light therapy. The term “photo” refers to light, “bio” refers to the biological aspect, and “modulation” suggests the process of influencing or altering cellular activity.
Photobiomodulation involves the application of specific wavelengths of light, typically in the red or near-infrared spectrum, to targeted areas of the body. These light photons are absorbed by cellular components, such as mitochondria, which are the cell’s powerhouses responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
When mitochondria absorb light energy, it stimulates various cellular mechanisms, including producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), releasing nitric oxide, and activating signaling pathways. These processes can lead to various biological effects, such as improved cellular metabolism, increased circulation, reduced inflammation, enhanced tissue repair, and pain relief.
Photobiomodulation has been studied and applied in various medical and therapeutic fields, including dermatology, sports medicine, physical therapy, neurology, and dentistry. It has shown potential benefits for conditions such as wound healing, musculoskeletal disorders, neuropathic pain, hair regrowth, and skin rejuvenation.
It’s important to note that while photobiomodulation has shown promising results in research studies and clinical practice, further scientific investigation is still ongoing to fully understand its mechanisms of action and optimize its applications in different contexts.
